A Study on the Efficacy of Dual-Carrier-Frequency Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Modulating the Hippocampus for the Treatment of Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age between 18 and 80 years; 2. Meets the diagnostic criteria for non-specific low back pain as specified in the Chinese Clinical Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-specific Low Back Pain (2022) ; 3. Diagnosed with chronic non-specific low back pain within the past 3 months, or pain located between T12 and the gluteal fold for at least half of the days within the past 6 months; 4. VAS score ≥ 3 (Visual Analogue Scale, 0-10); 5. Mechanical pain induced by posture, activity, and movement (e.g., flexion and functional movement tasks); 6. Voluntarily agrees to participate in this study and has signed the informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Clear etiology of specific low back pain, such as vertebral fracture, severe spinal cord/nerve root compression symptoms (progressive neurological deficit), spinal infection, tumor, ankylosing spondylitis, etc.; 2. Prior major lumbar surgery or implants (e.g., internal fixation, spinal cord stimulation devices, etc.), or recent (within 3 months) invasive analgesic treatments such as nerve blocks or radiofrequency ablation; 3. Contraindications to MEG or MRI, including the presence of ferromagnetic metal implants in the body (e.g., cardiac pacemakers, hearing aids, carotid artery stents, etc.), claustrophobia that precludes MEG examination, or failed MEG acquisition; 4. History of severe cardiovascular disease, epilepsy, or other conditions that contraindicate electrical stimulation; 5. Pregnancy or lactation; 6. Cognitive impairment, psychiatric disorders, or other conditions that prevent understanding or compliance with the study procedures; 7. Rheumatic diseases, connective tissue diseases, or diabetes.