Assessing Heart and Brain Metabolism in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using Carbon-13 MRI

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult participants of all ethnic groups/race categories (≥ 18 years of age) * Blood lactate ≥ 2 mmol/L ≤ 5 mmol/L * Blood pressure target \< 130/80 * No history of macrovascular or microvascular disease * For participants in Groups 1 and 2: Prescribed a semaglutide dose of 0.5 mg S/C weekly * For participants in Groups 3 and 4: HbA1c between 7-9% on evidence-based medications as per the Diabetes Canada guidelines, but not GLP-1RA semaglutide * Written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * History of macrovascular or microvascular disease * Automatic implantable cardiac-defibrillators (AICD) or pacemaker, either at time of study or required within 3 months of the study * Participants on anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, immunosuppressants and/or antiarrhythmics * Any clinically significant or unstable medical condition that might limit their ability to complete the study * Any malignancy not considered cured, except basal cell carcinoma of the skin * Body mass index greater than 40.0 * Claustrophobia and/or inability to undergo MRI without sedation * Contraindications to MRI as indicated on the standard MRI safety screening questionnaire * Participant declines or is unable to