Collaborative Clinical Reasoning: Perceptions and Practices of General Practitioners, Physical Therapists, and Patients With Low Back Pain in Primary Care

Inclusion Criteria: A. General Practitioners 1. Be a general practitioner or a physician in postgraduate training in general practice. 2. Practice general medicine in French-speaking Belgium. 3. Practice general medicine in primary care. B. Physiotherapists 1. Be a physiotherapist. 2. Practice physiotherapy in French-speaking Belgium. 3. Practice physiotherapy in primary care. C. Patients with low back pain 1. Age ≥18 years. 2. Have low back pain (pain between the lower margin of the ribs and the gluteal fold, with or without pain in one or both legs). 3. Have consulted both a general practitioner and a physiotherapist for this condition in primary care in French-speaking Belgium. Exclusion Criteria: A. General Practitioners 1\. Be on sick leave during the study (e.g., work incapacity) B. Physiotherapists 1. Practice exclusively in a nursing home or a nursing home with skilled nursing care. 2. Be on sick leave during the study (e.g., work incapacity). C. Patients with low back pain 1. Have a known specific lumbar pathology (e.g., fracture, infection, cancer, lumbar radiculopathy, etc). 2. Have a known general condition that may explain the low back pain (e.g., fibromyalgia, osteoporosis, rheumatologic disease, etc). 3. Have undergone back surgery within the past 12 months. 4. Be pregnant or have had a known pregnancy within the past 12 months. 5. Reside in a nursing home or a nursing home with skilled nursing care.