Effects Of Multimodal Physical Therapy Intervention On Musculoskeletal Function And Low Back Pain In Postpartum Women

Inclusion Criteria: * Within six months postpartum following vaginal or caesarean delivery. * Experiencing low back pain or lumbopelvic pain after childbirth. * Pain intensity ≥3 on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale during activity or rest. * Able to attend supervised physiotherapy sessions for six consecutive weeks. * Willing to provide informed consent and participate in follow-up assessments. Exclusion Criteria: * History of spinal surgery or diagnosed structural spinal deformities such as scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, or disc herniation. * Severe postpartum complications including postpartum haemorrhage, infection, or wound dehiscence limiting physical activity. * Pelvic organ prolapse grade II or above or severe pelvic floor dysfunction requiring specialized care. * Uncontrolled systemic illness such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or thyroid dysfunction affecting exercise tolerance. * Current participation in another structured physiotherapy or rehabilitation program for low back pain. * Neurological disorders or musculoskeletal conditions unrelated to postpartum low back pain that may affect outcomes.