Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia and Bright Light Therapy in Adolescents With ADHD, Insomnia, and Evening Chronotype

Inclusion criteria: An adolescent who meets the following criteria will be eligible for taking part in this study: 1. aged 10-24 years old; 2. ADHD diagnosis confirmed by DISC-IV; 3. DSM-5 diagnosis of insomnia disorder with an ≥ 9 (suggested cut-off for adolescents); 4. Being classified as evening chronotype according to the score on the Horne-Östberg Morning-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and having a sleep onset time of 11:15pm or later for 12 year olds, 11:30pm or later for 13-14 year olds, 12:00am or later for 15-17 years old \[64\], 10:56pm or later for 18-24 years old at least 3 nights per week in the past 3 months and as confirmed by a 7-day sleep diary; 5. Written informed consent from the participant and their parent/guardian (for those aged under 18); 6. Being able to comply with the study protocol; 7. Either not on ADHD medication or stabilized on medications for at least 6 months. Exclusion criteria: An adolescent who meets one or more of the following criteria will be excluded from the study: 1. Substance abuse or dependence; a current or past history of manic or hypomanic episode, schizophrenia, ASD, organic mental disorders, or intellectual disabilities; 2. Prominent medical condition affecting sleep (e.g., severe eczema, GERD); 3. Clinically diagnosed sleep disorder other than insomnia disorder, such as narcolepsy, sleep-disordered breathing, and restless leg syndrome; 4. Concurrent, regular use of medications(s) known to affect sleep continuity and quality including both prescribed medications (e.g., hypnotics, steroids) and over-the-counter OTC medications (e.g., melatonin, Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM), except for ADHD stimulants; 5. Ongoing psychological treatment for sleep problems; 6. With hearing or speech deficit; 7. Having a clinically significant suicidality (presence of suicidal ideation with a plan or an attempt).