Community Physical Exercise Program in Chronic Disease

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged ≥50 years; * At least 2 of the following: Prior cardiovascular disease (\>12 months); High cardiovascular risk (SCORE2 or SCORE2 O.P.); Post-stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) with treated etiology; Type 2 Diabetes (\> 6 months, ADA); Osteoarthristis (clinical signs/symptoms, NICE); Overweight/Obesity (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2). * Autonomous walking. * Able to provide informed consent. * Stable medications for ≥ 3 months (related to diagnoses of interest). * Physical activity below WHO recommendations. * No contraindications to exercise (cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal) according to ACSS. Exclusion Criteria: * Moderate to severe cognitive impairment - Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). * Type 2 Myocardial Infarction. * Class III or IV angina (Canadian Cardiovascular Society). * Class III or IV angina (New York Heart Association). * Uncontrolled CVD: symptomatic arrhythmias with hemodynamic compromise; severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis; uncontrolled symptomatic heart failure; endocarditis, pericarditis, or active myocarditis; acute aortic syndrome; suspected or known dissecting aneurysm; acute systemic infections. * Pacemaker user. * Neurological disorders affecting gait. * Severe diabetes-related complications contraindicating exercise (poor metabolic control, diabetic foot, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic autonomic neuropathy). * Recent use of insulin or sulphonylureas (\< 3 months). * Untreated stroke etiology: indication for revascularization; non-anticoagulated atrial fibrillation; intracranial atherosclerotic occlusive disease. * Musculoskeletal or ocular conditions preventing strength training (acute herniated disc, fractures, recent spinal surgery, glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure). * Terminal illness. * Inability to understand basic oral or written Portuguese. * Participation in supervised dietary intervention.